Succinylcholine hyperkalemia after burns.

To the Editor-The appropriate review, "Anesthesia for Major Thermal Injury," overstates the contraindication to succinylcholine on pages 754 (". . . succinylcholine . . . >24 h after burn injury is unsafe") and 755 (". . . safe only within 24 h of a burn").' The safe period for burn patients is 6-7 days after a burn injury, whereas that for denervation is 4 days. Studies beginning 6 days after burn injury demonstrated safety for 2 weeks,l whereas others detected abnormality by 9 days after burn injury.' These studies perhaps did not test enough patients within 6 days after their burn injury. However, in a study of denewation, denervation being the most severe lesion associated with hyperkalemia after succinylcholine, increases were not detected until 4 days." The development of additional skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (upregulation) is not rapid enough to result in hyperkalemia within 24 or 48 h.5 The parallel upregulatory resistance to nondepobarizing relaxants (parallel to the sensitivity of succinylcholine) develops sooner than the sensitivity of succinylcholine because it depends on receptors in the vicinity of the endplate, all of which participate in the blocking effect to acetylcholine released at the junction. This response is not detectable in dogs until 4 days of disuse atrophy.(' Sensitivity to succinylcholine depends on depolarization of all acetylcholine receptors and the summated flux of potassium. Thus the exaggerated response involves receptors spread far beyond the endplate. It takes time for this response to develop, and the burn response is less rapidly achieved than that after dener~at ion .~ .~ Burn patient recovery to normal after succinylocholine administration is achieved when there is healing and weight gain, generally 2 months after the burn.2.i With recovery after stroke or cord section, the permanence of the lesion suggests that the exaggerated succinylcholine response may be prolonged; it is not likely to wane until after resistance to nondepolarizing relaxants has reverted to normaL5